Arvydas Laurinavicius, M.D., Ph.D. — Director, National Center of Pathology; Professor, Vilnius University
127 peer-reviewed works (1999–2026) and two granted patents. Within each direction, entries are ordered by year (newest first); each links to the publication.
This work traces a clear arc from classical diagnostic and nephropathology toward quantitative, AI-based computational pathology. The early record, from 1999, centres on renal disease and diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Over the past decade the program has converged on one question: how the spatial organisation of tumour cells and immune infiltrates within the tumour microenvironment encodes prognostic information, and how a machine can extract it reproducibly from digital whole-slide images. The distinctive contribution is methodological, measuring the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of markers rather than single average scores. Each direction below is paired with its publications.
Hover over the ⓘ next to a reference to read that article’s main message (70 of 127 entries have an abstract-based summary).
1. Immunogradient and tumour–stroma interface (flagship)
Automated, operator-independent detection of the tumour–stroma interface and computation of lymphocyte density gradients across it. These are the defining method papers and the public dataset behind the patented Immunogradient.
2021Laurinavicius A, Rasmusson A, Plancoulaine B, Shribak M, Levenson R: Machine-learning-based evaluation of intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor-stroma interface for clinical guidance. Am J Pathol 2021.↗ full textⓘMain messageAssessment of intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor-host interaction within the tumor microenvironment is becoming increasingly important for innovative cancer therapy decisions due to the unique information it can generate about the state of the disease. A particular benefit is expected from machine learning applications that can perform extraction and quantification of subvisual features of both intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment aspects. These methods generate information about cancer cell subpopulation heterogeneity, potential tumor-host interactions, and tissue microarchitecture, derived from morphologically resolved content using both explicit and implicit features.
2020Rasmusson A, Zilenaite D, Nestarenkaite A, Augulis R, Laurinavicius A: Dataset for Immunogradient indicators for anti-tumor response assessment by automated tumor-stroma interface zone detection. 1.00 ed: Vilnius University, 2020.no persistent link
2020Rasmusson A, Zilenaite D, Nestarenkaite A, Augulis R, Laurinaviciene A, Ostapenko V, Poskus T, Laurinavicius A: Immunogradient indicators for anti-tumor response assessment by automated tumor-stroma interface zone detection. Am J Pathol 2020.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe distribution of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) within the tumor microenvironment provides strong prognostic value, which is increasingly important with the arrival of new immunotherapy modalities. We applied the method on CD8 immunohistochemistry images of surgically excised hormone receptor-positive breast and colorectal cancers to predict overall patient survival. In both cohorts the Immunogradient indicators enabled strong and independent prognostic stratification, outperforming clinical and pathology variables.
2. Intratumoral heterogeneity as a prognostic signal
Quantifying intratumoral heterogeneity of proliferation, chiefly Ki67 Haralick entropy, as an independent prognostic signal that outperforms conventional average scores.
2025Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Rasmusson A, Valkiuniene RB, Laurinaviciene A, Petkevicius L, Laurinavicius A: Reproducibility of Ki67 Haralick entropy as a prognostic marker in estrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 2025. pp. 567-80.↗ full textⓘMain messageIntratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of Ki67 expression reflects the proliferative diversity of breast cancer (BC) cells and has been associated with disease progression. Ki67 Haralick entropy is a reproducible and robust image-derived ITH metric in ER+/HER2- BC. It demonstrated improved prognostic modeling performance compared to conventional Ki67% across 2 different DIA platforms and sampling conditions, supporting its potential for clinical implementation.
2025Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Rasmusson A, Besusparis J, Valkiuniene RB, Augulis R, Laurinaviciene A, Plancoulaine B, Petkevicius L, Laurinavicius A: Intratumoral heterogeneity of Ki67 proliferation index outperforms conventional immunohistochemistry prognostic factors in estrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2025. pp. 287-98.↗ full textⓘMain messageIn breast cancer (BC), pathologists visually score ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 biomarkers to assess tumor properties and predict patient outcomes. In multivariable analysis, the ITH of Ki67-positive cells, measured by Haralick's texture entropy, emerged as an independent predictor of worse BC-specific survival (BCSS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.64, p-value = 0.0049), along with lymph node involvement (HR = 2.26, p-value = 0.0195). Remarkably, the entropy representing the spatial disarrangement of tumor proliferation outperformed the proliferation rate per se established either by pathology reports or DIA.
2021Radziuviene G, Rasmusson A, Augulis R, Grineviciute RB, Zilenaite D, Laurinaviciene A, Ostapenko V, Laurinavicius A: Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Immune Response Indicators to Predict Overall Survival in a Retrospective Study of HER2-Borderline (IHC 2+) Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021. p. 774088.↗ full textⓘMain messageBreast cancer (BC) categorized as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) borderline [2+ by immunohistochemistry (IHC 2+)] presents challenges for the testing, frequently obscured by intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). We present novel prognostic models, based on computational ITH and Immunogradient indicators of the IHC biomarkers, in HER2 IHC 2+ BC patients. In the non-amplified tumors, three Immunogradient indicators provided the independent prognostic value: CD8 density in the tumor aspect of the IZ and CD8 center of mass were associated with better OS (HR: 0.23, p = 0.0079 and 0.14, p = 0.0014, respectively), and CD8 density variance along the tumor edge predicted worse OS (HR: 9.45, p = 0.0002).
2020Zilenaite D, Rasmusson A, Augulis R, Besusparis J, Laurinaviciene A, Plancoulaine B, Ostapenko V, Laurinavicius A: Independent Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Immune Response Features by Automated Digital Immunohistochemistry Analysis in Early Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020. p. 950.↗ full textⓘMain messageImmunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 is used to predict outcome and therapy response in breast cancer patients. We suggest that prognostic modeling, based entirely on the computational image-based IHC biomarkers, is possible in HRBC patients. The intratumoral heterogeneity and immune response indicators outperformed both conventional breast cancer IHC and clinicopathological variables while markedly increasing the power of the model.
2016Laurinavicius A, Plancoulaine B, Rasmusson A, Besusparis J, Augulis R, Meskauskas R, Herlin P, Laurinaviciene A, Muftah AAA, Miligy I, Aleskandarany M, Rakha EA, Green AR, Ellis IO: Bimodality of intratumor Ki67 expression is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Virchows Archiv 2016. pp. 493-502.↗ full textⓘMain messageProliferative activity, assessed by Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC), is an established prognostic and predictive biomarker of breast cancer (BC). Analysis revealed linearly independent intrinsic factors of the Ki67 IHC variance: proliferation (level of expression), disordered texture (entropy), tumor size and Nottingham Prognostic Index, bimodality, and correlation. All visual and DIA-generated indicators of the level of Ki67 expression provided significant cutoff values as single predictors of OS.
2015Laurinavicius A, Green AR, Laurinaviciene A, Smailyte G, Ostapenko V, Meskauskas R, Ellis IO: Ki67/SATB1 ratio is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with early hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015. pp. 41134-45.↗ full text
3. Spatial immuno-oncology across cancer types
The interface and spatial-biomarker approach, applied and validated across solid-tumour types.
Breast carcinoma
2024Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Rasmusson A, Valkiuniene RB, Laurinaviciene A, Petkevicius L, Laurinavicius A: Spatial distributions of CD8 and Ki67 cells in the tumor microenvironment independently predict breast cancer-specific survival in patients with ER+HER2- and triple-negative breast carcinoma. PLoS One 2024. p. e0314364.↗ full textⓘMain messageBreast cancer (BC) presents diverse malignancies with varying biological and clinical behaviors, driven by an interplay between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. Computational biomarkers, representing spatial properties of the tumor proliferation and immune cell infiltrates, provided independent prognostic information beyond conventional IHC markers in BC. Integrating Ki67-entropy and CD8-immunogradient indicators into prognostic models can improve patient stratification with regard to BCSS.
Colorectal cancer
2023Talhouni S, Fadhil W, Mongan NP, Field L, Hunter K, Makhsous S, Maciel-Guerra A, Kaur N, Nestarenkaite A, Laurinavicius A, Willcox BE, Dottorini T, Spendlove I, Jackson AM, Ilyas M, Ramage JM: Activated tissue resident memory T-cells (CD8+CD103+CD39+) uniquely predict survival in left sided "immune-hot" colorectal cancers. Front Immunol 2023. p. 1057292.↗ full textⓘMain messageCharacterization of the tumour immune infiltrate (notably CD8+ T-cells) has strong predictive survival value for cancer patients. The presence of high intra-tumoural CD8 T-cells alone is not a predictor of survival in left-sided CRC and potentially risks under treatment of patients. Measuring both high tumour-associated T(RM) and total CD8 T-cells in left-sided disease has the potential to minimize current under-treatment of patients.
2020Nestarenkaite A, Fadhil W, Rasmusson A, Susanti S, Hadjimichael E, Laurinaviciene A, Ilyas M, Laurinavicius A: Immuno-Interface Score to Predict Outcome in Colorectal Cancer Independent of Microsatellite Instability Status. Cancers (Basel) 2020.↗ full textⓘMain messageTumor-associated immune cells have been shown to predict patient outcome in colorectal (CRC) and other cancers. In this study we evaluated the intratumoral density of immunohistochemically stained CD8, CD20 and CD68 cells in 87 cases of CRC (48 were microsatellite stable, MSS, and 39 had microsatellite instability, MSI) in both the intratumoral tumor tissue and within the tumor-stroma interface zone (IZ) which was extracted by a previously developed unbiased hexagonal grid analytics method. Indicators of immune-cell gradients across the extracted IZ were computed and explored along with absolute cell densities, clinicopathological and molecular data, including gene mutation (BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA) and MSI status.
Liver / hepatocellular carcinoma
2024Stulpinas R, Jakiunaite I, Sidabraite A, Rasmusson A, Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Strupas K, Laurinavicius A, Gulla A: Low CD8+ Density Variation and R1 Surgical Margin as Independent Predictors of Early Post-Resection Recurrence in HCC Patients Meeting Milan Criteria. Curr Oncol 2024. pp. 5344-53.↗ full textⓘMain messageOur study included 41 patients fulfilling the Milan criteria preoperatively and aimed to identify individuals at high risk of post-resection HCC relapse, which occurred in 18 out of 41 patients (43.9%), retrospectively. Highlight the potential utility of integrating CD8+ density variability and surgical margin to identify a high relapse-risk group among Milan criteria-fulfilling HCC patients. Validation in cohorts with core biopsy could provide CD8+ distribution data preoperatively and guide preoperative decisions, potentially prioritizing liver transplantation for patients at risk of incomplete resection (R1) and thereby improving overall treatment outcomes significantly.
2024Rackauskas R, Luksaite-Lukste R, Stulpinas R, Bausys A, Paskonis M, Kvietkauskas M, Sokolovas V, Laurinavicius A, Strupas K: The Impact of Chemotherapy and Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 in Liver Regeneration after Hepatectomy among Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2024.↗ full textⓘMain messageAn ongoing debate surrounds the impact of chemotherapy on post-hepatectomy liver regeneration in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), with unclear regulatory mechanisms. This study highlights compromised liver regeneration in CRLM patients post-chemotherapy. Additionally, these patients exhibited lower serum TGF-beta1 levels and reduced TGF-beta1 expression in liver tissue, suggesting TGF-beta1 involvement in mechanisms hindering liver regeneration capacity following major resection after chemotherapy.
2024Gulla A, Stulpinas R, Grigonyte A, Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Rasmusson A, Laurinavicius A, Strupas K: Overall Survival Prediction by Tumor Microenvironment Lymphocyte Distribution in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation. Journal of Surgical Research 2024. pp. 457-67.↗ full textⓘMain messageOur previous research demonstrated that CD8+ cell density profiling using a hexagonal grid-based digital image analysis method provides predictors of patient out-comes after liver resection due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our model discloses that preoperative peripheral blood platelet count and mean CD8+ cell density at the epithelial edge of nonmalignant interface in the explanted liver parenchyma are independent predictors of OS for HCC after LT. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2023Stulpinas R, Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Rasmusson A, Gulla A, Grigonyte A, Strupas K, Laurinavicius A: Prognostic Value of CD8+ Lymphocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Perineoplastic Parenchyma Assessed by Interface Density Profiles in Liver Resection Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2023.↗ full textⓘMain messageHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often emerges in the setting of long-standing inflammatory liver disease. Independent predictors of worse OS were a low standard deviation of CD8+ density along the tumor edge, high mean CD8+ density within the epithelial aspect of the perineoplastic liver-stroma interface, longer duration of surgery, a higher level of aspartate transaminase (AST), and a higher basophil count in the peripheral blood. A combined score, derived from these five independent predictors, enabled risk stratification of the patients into three prognostic categories with a 5-year OS probability of 76%, 40%, and 8%.
2023Stulpinas R, Morkunas M, Rasmusson A, Drachneris J, Augulis R, Gulla A, Strupas K, Laurinavicius A: Improving HCC Prognostic Models after Liver Resection by AI-Extracted Tissue Fiber Framework Analytics. Cancers (Basel) 2023.↗ full textⓘMain messageDespite advances in diagnostic and treatment technologies, predicting outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenge. Two penalized Cox regression models using LASSO achieved a concordance index (C-index) greater than 0.7. These models incorporated variables such as patient age, tumor multifocality, and fiber-derived features from the epithelial edge in both the tumor and liver compartments.
Urothelial (bladder) carcinoma
2026Lin YC, Drachneris J, Rasmusson A, Fabijonavicius M, Li WM, Lee HY, Chuang CC, Jankevicius F, Wu WJ, Liang PI, Laurinavicius A: Computational pathology model to predict recurrence-free survival in NMPUC patients on BCG-therapy. NPJ Precis Oncol 2026.↗ full textⓘMain messageUrothelial carcinoma, predominantly appearing as non-muscle-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUC), exhibits wide clinical variability. Retrospective data, including 1437 NMIPUC cases from two institutions in Lithuania and Taiwan, were used for development and analysis. The FL models demonstrated improved robustness across participating institutions and higher accuracy compared to single-site models, achieving 86.2% accuracy for tumor stage and 79.2% for tumor grade, with minor performance variability across the datasets.
2024Drachneris J, Morkunas M, Fabijonavicius M, Cekauskas A, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A: Spatial Distribution of Macrophage and Lymphocyte Subtypes within Tumor Microenvironment to Predict Recurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma after BCG Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024.↗ full textⓘMain messageNon-muscle-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUC) of the urinary bladder is the most common type of bladder cancer. The history of positive repeated TUR (re-TUR) (HR: 4.93, p-value = 0.0001) and T1 tumor stage (HR: 2.04, p-value = 0.0159) were associated with shorter RFS, while G3 tumor grade according to the 1973 WHO classification showed borderline significance (HR: 1.83, p-value = 0.0522). In a multivariate analysis, the two models with a concordance index exceeding 0.7 included the CD11c IDR in combination with either a history of positive re-TUR or tumor stage.
2024Drachneris J, Morkunas M, Fabijonavicius M, Cekauskas A, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A: Prediction of Non-Muscle Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Relapse from Hematoxylin-Eosin Images Using Deep Multiple Instance Learning in Patients Treated with Bacille Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe limited reproducibility of the grading of non-muscle invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUC) necessitates the search for more robust image-based predictive factors. We selected the model showing the best patient survival stratification for further testing in the context of clinical and pathological variables. MISL with the multiresolution patch sampling technique achieved the best patient risk stratification (concordance index = 0.574, p = 0.010), followed by a 2-year MIL classification.
2023Drachneris J, Rasmusson A, Morkunas M, Fabijonavicius M, Cekauskas A, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A: CD8+ Cell Density Gradient across the Tumor Epithelium-Stromal Interface of Non-Muscle Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival after BCG Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023.↗ full textⓘMain messageBacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is the first-line treatment in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUC), the most common type of bladder cancer. We found that gradient indicators of CD8+ cell densities across the tumor epithelium-stroma interface, along with routine clinical and pathology data, improve the prediction of RFS in NMIPUC. By univariable analysis of the clinicopathologic factors, including the history of previous NMIPUC, poor tumor differentiation, and pT1 stage, were associated with shorter RFS (p < 0.05).
Renal cell carcinoma
2026Fabijonavicius M, Garnelyte A, Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Rasmusson A, Drachneris J, Cekauskas A, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A: Spatially-resolved CD8+ and CD34+ computational immunohistochemistry indicators improve post-nephrectomy risk stratification in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2026. p. 106114.↗ full textⓘMain messageClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that may progress after nephrectomy as local or distant disease. Spatial patterns of immune and vascular components at the tumor-stroma interface independently predict PFS in patients with ccRCC following nephrectomy and may improve current risk stratification schemes in both the immediate postoperative setting and during follow-up. Two prognostic models were developed: a Baseline model using variables available after surgery and a Disease-Course model additionally incorporating follow-up information.
4. AI and machine-learning methods for pathology
Segmentation, weakly-supervised survival learning, federated and multi-modal models, and digital image-analysis methods developed and applied across tissue types.
2026Witowski J, Zeng KG, Cappadona J, Elayoubi J, Choucair K, Chiru ED, Chan N, Kang YJ, Howard F, Ostrovnaya I, Fernandez-Granda C, Schnabel F, Steinsnyder Z, Ozerdem U, Liu K, Abdulsattar W, Zong Y, Daoud L, Beydoun R, Saad AM, Thakore N, Sadic M, Yeung F, Liu E, Hill T, Swett B, Rigau D, Clayburn AJ, Speirs V, Vetter M, Sojak L, Muenst S, Baumhoer D, Pan JW, Makmur H, Teo SH, Pak LM, Angel V, Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene D, Laurinavicius A, Klar N, Piening BD, Bifulco C, Jun SY, Yi JP, Lim SH, Brufsky A, Esteva FJ, Pusztai L, LeCun Y, Geras KJ: Multi-modal AI for comprehensive breast cancer prognostication. Nat Commun 2026.↗ full textⓘMain messageTreatment selection in breast cancer is guided by risk assessment using molecular subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics. The AI test provides a robust method for predicting disease-free interval (C-index: 0.71 [0.68-0.75], HR: 3.63 [3.02-4.37, p < 0.001]). In a direct comparison, the AI test displays numerically higher discrimination (C-index: 0.67 [0.61-0.74]) than the standard-of-care 21-gene assay (C-index: 0.61 [0.49-0.73]).
2026Kanapeckaite A, Peters CJ, Laurinavicius A, Geris L: Novel discovery framework: harnessing adaptive learning for breakthroughs in drug development and clinical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2026.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe costly process of bringing new therapeutics to market and high attrition rates have motivated the search for new frameworks in drug research and development (R&D). Furthermore, we illustrate how applied AI and deep learning frameworks will need to change and what solutions are already available. Consequently, we employ examples of novel deep learning architectures, digital twins, and clinical research.
2025Weishaupt H, Besusparis J, Weis CA, Porubsky S, Laurinavicius A, Leh S: Unsupervised learning for labeling global glomerulosclerosis. Comput Biol Med 2025. p. 110719.↗ full textⓘMain messageLabeling images for supervised learning in nephropathology is highly time-consuming and dependent on domain-expertise. Importantly, these findings strongly support clustering as a solid basis for downstream interactive labeling approaches or unsupervised learning approaches. Together, these results might greatly improve the possibilities and lookout for the establishment of clinically applicable glomerular classification models in the community.
2023Besusparis J, Morkunas M, Laurinavicius A: A Spatially Guided Machine-Learning Method to Classify and Quantify Glomerular Patterns of Injury in Histology Images. J Imaging 2023.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe diagnosis of glomerular diseases is primarily based on visual assessment of histologic patterns. We propose a spatially guided CNN classifier that in our experiments reveals the potential to achieve high accuracy for the localization of intraglomerular patterns. A proposed spatially guided modification of the CNN classifier achieved the highest glomerular pattern classification accuracies, with area under curve (AUC) values up to 0.981.
2021Morkunas M, Zilenaite D, Laurinaviciene A, Treigys P, Laurinavicius A: Tumor collagen framework from bright-field histology images predicts overall survival of breast carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2021. p. 15474.↗ full textⓘMain messageWithin the tumor microenvironment, specifically aligned collagen has been shown to stimulate tumor progression by directing the migration of metastatic cells along its structural framework. We designed and trained ANNs on sets of differently annotated image patches to segment collagen fibers and extracted 37 features of collagen fiber morphometry, density, orientation, texture, and fractal characteristics in the entire cohort. Independent instances of ANN models trained on highly differing annotations produced reasonably concordant collagen segmentation masks and allowed reliable prognostic Cox regression models (with likelihood ratios 14.11-22.99, at p-value < 0.05) superior to conventional clinical parameters (size of the primary tumor (T), regional lymph node status (N), histological grade (G), and patient age).
2021Budginaite E, Morkunas M, Laurinavicius A, Treigys P: Deep Learning Model for Cell Nuclei Segmentation and Lymphocyte Identification in Whole Slide Histology Images. Informatica 2021. pp. 23-40.↗ full textⓘMain messageAnti-cancer immunotherapy dramatically changes the clinical management of many types of tumours towards less harmful and more personalized treatment plans than conventional chemotherapy or radiation. Secondly, to discriminate lymphocytes from the set of all segmented nuclei, we explored multilayer perceptron and achieved a 0.70 classification f-score. Remarkably, the binary classification of segmented nuclei was significantly improved (f-score = 0.80) by colour normalization.
2020Bueno G, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Garcia-Rojo M, Laurinavicius A, Deniz O: Data for glomeruli characterization in histopathological images. Data Brief 2020. p. 105314.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe data presented in this article is part of the whole slide imaging (WSI) datasets generated in European project AIDPATH This data is also related to the research paper entitle "Glomerulosclerosis Identification in Whole Slide Images using Semantic Segmentation", published in Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Journal [1]. In that article, different methods based on deep learning for glomeruli segmentation and their classification into normal and sclerotic glomerulous are presented and discussed. The raw data used is described and provided here.
2019Joseph J, Roudier MP, Narayanan PL, Augulis R, Ros VR, Pritchard A, Gerrard J, Laurinavicius A, Harrington EA, Barrett JC, Howat WJ: Proliferation Tumour Marker Network (PTM-NET) for the identification of tumour region in Ki67 stained breast cancer whole slide images. Sci Rep-Uk 2019 12845.↗ full textⓘMain messageUncontrolled proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and can be assessed by labelling breast tissue using immunohistochemistry for Ki67, a protein associated with cell proliferation. Show a Dice coefficient of 0.74, positive predictive value of 70% and negative predictive value of 88.3% against the manual ground truth annotation for the combined dataset. There were minimal differences between the images from different sources and the model was further tested in oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor-labelled images.
2019Abdelsamea MM, Pitiot A, Grineviciute RB, Besusparis J, Laurinavicius A, Ilyas M: A cascade-learning approach for automated segmentation of tumour epithelium in colorectal cancer. Expert Syst Appl 2019. pp. 539-52.↗ full text
2019Abdelsamea MM, Grineviciute RB, Besusparis J, Cham S, Pitiot A, Laurinavicius A, Ilyas M: Tumour Parcellation and Quantification (TuPaQ): a tool for refining biomarker analysis through rapid and automated segmentation of tumour epithelium. Histopathology 2019.↗ full textⓘMain messageTuPaQ is a very rapid and accurate method of separating the epithelial and stromal compartments of colorectal tumours. This will allow more accurate and objective analysis of immunohistochemistry. This article is protected by copyright.
2018Morkunas M, Treigys P, Bernataviciene J, Laurinavicius A, Korvel G: Machine Learning Based Classification of Colorectal Cancer Tumour Tissue in Whole-Slide Images. Informatica 2018. pp. 75-90.↗ full text
2018Gallego J, Pedraza A, Lopez S, Steiner G, Gonzalez L, Laurinavicius A, Bueno G: Glomerulus Classification and Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Networks. J Imaging 2018 20.↗ full textⓘMain messageGlomerulus classification and detection in kidney tissue segments are key processes in nephropathology used for the correct diagnosis of the diseases. Of the method indicate that this technique is suitable for correct Glomerulus detection in Whole Slide Images (WSI), showing robustness while reducing false positive and false negative detections. The proposed method applies Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) between two classes: Glomerulus and Non-Glomerulus, to detect the image segments belonging to Glomerulus regions.
2018Abdelsamea MM, Pitiot A, Grineviciute RB, Besusparis J, Laurinavicius A, Ilyas M: A Novel Machine-Learning Approach for Segmentation of Tumour Epithelium in Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Pathology 2018. p. S45.no persistent link
2014Daunoravicius D, Besusparis J, Zurauskas E, Laurinaviciene A, Bironaite D, Pankuweit S, Plancoulaine B, Herlin P, Bogomolovas J, Grabauskiene V, Laurinavicius A: Quantification of myocardial fibrosis by digital image analysis and interactive stereology. Diagn Pathol 2014. p. 114.↗ full text
2014Besusparis J, Jokubauskiene S, Plancoulaine B, Herlin P, Laurinaviciene A, Buivydiene A, Laurinavicius A: Quantification Accuracy of Liver Fibrosis by In Vivo Elastography and Digital Image Analysis of Liver Biopsy Histochemistry. Analytical Cellular Pathology (Amsterdam) 2014. p. 317635.↗ full text
2014Asoklis R, Kadziauskiene A, Paulavicieine R, Petroska D, Laurinavicius A: Quantitative histopathological assessment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia using digital image analysis. Oncology Letters 2014. pp. 1482-6.↗ full text
5. Digital pathology standardization and informatics
Methodologies, quality control, and informatics standards that make quantitative pathology reproducible and interoperable, including international Ki67 and HER2 reproducibility efforts and SNOMED CT / whole-slide informatics.
2026Hogstrom L, Laurinavicius A, Alvarez MG, Nakken S, Guldvik IJ, Sanchez CM, Papadodima O, Voutetakis K, Maehle PM, Zerbe N, Sekerija M, Fullaondo A, Hovig E: European cancer data sharing: Analyses of an international survey. Int J Med Inform 2026. p. 106544.↗ full textⓘMain messageClinical and biomarker data sharing across institutions accelerates cancer research, yet European data sharing practices are not well characterized. Among those surveyed, GDPR compliance and legal complexity are the dominant barriers to European cancer data sharing. Inconsistent data standards adoption poses risks to European Health Data Space (EHDS) implementation. Investments in legal support, interoperability, and personnel are needed to advance cancer research networking.
2024Tucci F, Laurinavicius A, Kather JN, Eloy C: The digital revolution in pathology: Towards a smarter approach to research and treatment. Tumori 2024. pp. 241-51.↗ full textⓘMain messageTo the field of AI, presenting a concise yet structured overview of the foundations of AI, including expert systems, classical machine learning, and deep learning, along with their contextual application in clinical research and healthcare. We delve into the current applications of AI in oncology, with a particular focus on diagnostic imaging and pathology. Numerous AI tools have already received regulatory approval, and more are under active development, bringing clear benefits but not without challenges.
2022Acs B, Leung SCY, Kidwell KM, Arun I, Augulis R, Badve SS, Bai YL, Bane AL, Bartlett JMS, Bayani J, Bigras G, Blank A, Buikema H, Chang MC, Dietz RL, Dodson A, Fineberg S, Focke CM, Gao DX, Gown AM, Gutierrez C, Hartman J, Kos Z, Laenkholm AV, Laurinavicius A, Levenson RM, Mahboubi-Ardakani R, Mastropasqua MG, Nofech-Mozes S, Osborne CK, Penault-Llorca FM, Piper T, Quintayo MA, Rau TT, Reinhard S, Robertson S, Salgado R, Sugie T, van der Vegt B, Viale G, Zabaglo LA, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, Rimm DL, Grp BI, BIG-NAB NABCG: Systematically higher Ki67 scores on core biopsy samples compared to corresponding resection specimen in breast cancer: a multi-operator and multi-institutional study. Modern Pathology 2022.↗ full textⓘMain messageKi67 has potential clinical importance in breast cancer but has yet to see broad acceptance due to inter-laboratory variability. Very high correlation and no systematic error (p = 0.08) was found between consecutive Ki67 IHC sections. Ki67 scores were higher for core biopsy slides compared to paired whole sections from resections (p <= 0.001; median difference: 5.31%).
2021Yousif M, van Diest PJ, Laurinavicius A, Rimm D, van der Laak J, Madabhushi A, Schnitt S, Pantanowitz L: Artificial intelligence applied to breast pathology. Virchows Arch 2021.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe convergence of digital pathology and computer vision is increasingly enabling computers to perform tasks performed by humans. Artificial intelligence (AI) is having an astoundingly positive effect on the field of pathology, including breast pathology. Research using machine learning and the development of algorithms that learn patterns from labeled digital data based on "deep learning" neural networks and feature-engineered approaches to analyze histology images have recently provided promising results.
2020Acs B, Leung SCY, Kidwell KM, Arun I, Augulis R, Badve SS, Bai YL, Bane AL, Bartlett JMS, Bayani J, Bigras G, Blank A, Borgquist S, Buikema H, Chang MC, Dietz RL, Dodson A, Ehinger A, Fineberg S, Focke CM, Gao DX, Gown AM, Gutierrez C, Hartman J, Hugh JC, Kos Z, Laenkholm AV, Laurinavicius A, Levenson RM, Mahboubi-Ardakani R, Mastropasqua MG, Moriya T, Nofech-Mozes S, Osborne CK, Pantanowitz L, Penault-Llorca FM, Piper T, Quintayo MA, Rau TT, Reinhard S, Robertson S, Sakatani T, Salgado R, Spears M, Tarczynski JS, Sugie T, van der Vegt B, Viale G, Virk S, Zabaglo LA, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, Rimm DL, Grp IKBCW, BIG-NABCG: Analytical validation and prognostic potential of an automated digital scoring protocol for Ki67: An International Ki67 Working Group study. Cancer Research 2020.↗ full text
2019Rimm DL, Leung SCY, McShane LM, Bai Y, Bane AL, Bartlett JMS, Bayani J, Chang MC, Dean M, Denkert C, Enwere EK, Galderisi C, Gholap A, Hugh JC, Jadhav A, Kornaga EN, Laurinavicius A, Levenson R, Lima J, Miller K, Pantanowitz L, Piper T, Ruan J, Srinivasan M, Virk S, Wu Y, Yang H, Hayes DF, Nielsen TO, Dowsett M: An international multicenter study to evaluate reproducibility of automated scoring for assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer. Mod Pathol 2019. pp. 59-69.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe nuclear proliferation biomarker Ki67 has potential prognostic, predictive, and monitoring roles in breast cancer. For the laboratories using scanners from a single vendor (8 score sets), intraclass correlation coefficient for average automated scores was 0.89 (95% credible interval: 0.81-0.96), which was similar to the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.87 (95% credible interval: 0.81-0.93) achieved using these same slides in a prior visual-reading reproducibility study. Automated machine assessment of average Ki67 has the potential to achieve between-laboratory reproducibility similar to that for a rigorously standardized pathologist-based visual assessment of Ki67.
2017Rimm DL, McShane LM, Leung SCY, Bai Y, Bane AL, Bartlett JMS, Bayani J, Chang MC, Dean M, Denkert C, Enwere E, Galderisi C, Gholap A, Hugh JC, Jadhav A, Kornaga E, Laurinavicius A, Levenson R, Lima J, Miller K, Pantanowitz L, Piper T, Ruan J, Srinivasan M, Virk S, Wu Y, Yang H, Hayes DF, Nielsen TO, Dowsett M: An international multicenter study to evaluate reproducibility of automated scoring methods for assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer. Cancer Research 2017.↗ full text
2017Radziuviene G, Rasmusson A, Augulis R, Lesciute-Krilaviciene D, Laurinaviciene A, Clim E, Laurinavicius A: Automated Image Analysis of HER2 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization to Refine Definitions of Genetic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer Tissue. Biomed Research International 2017.↗ full text
2017Mea VD, Carbone A, Di Loreto C, Bueno G, De Paoli P, Garcia-Rojo M, de Mena D, Gloghini A, Ilyas M, Laurinavicius A, Rasmusson A, Milione M, Dolcetti R, Pagani M, Stoppini A, Sulfaro S, Bartolo M, Mazzon E, Soyer HP, Pantanowitz L: Teaching Digital Pathology: The International School of Digital Pathology and Proposed Syllabus. J Pathol Inform 2017. p. 27.↗ full textⓘMain messageOf this communication is to share the context, rationale, and syllabus for this school of digital pathology. Digital pathology is an interdisciplinary field where competency in pathology, laboratory techniques, informatics, computer science, information systems, engineering, and even biology converge. This implies that teaching students about digital pathology requires coverage, expertise, and hands-on experience in all these disciplines.
2017Barisoni L, Gimpel C, Kain R, Laurinavicius A, Bueno G, Zeng CH, Liu ZH, Schaefer F, Kretzler M, Holzman LB, Hewitt SM: Digital pathology imaging as a novel platform for standardization and globalization of quantitative nephropathology. Clin Kidney J 2017. pp. 176-87.↗ full textⓘMain messageOf digital pathology to nephrology provides a platform for the development of new methodologies and protocols for visual, morphometric and computer-aided assessment of renal biopsies. Digital pathology evolved as a valuable tool to generate comprehensive structural information in digital form, a key prerequisite for achieving precision pathology for computational biology. The application of this new technology on an international scale is driving novel methods for collaborations, providing unique opportunities but also challenges.
2016Laurinavicius A, Plancoulaine B, Herlin P, Laurinaviciene A: Comprehensive Immunohistochemistry: Digital, Analytical and Integrated. Pathobiology 2016. pp. 156-63.↗ full textⓘMain messageEvaluation of the spatial heterogeneity of biomarker expression as well as the development of combined/integrated biomarkers are in great demand. Are usually obtained by visual qualitative or semiquantitative evaluation. Also, objective evaluation of the spatial heterogeneity of biomarker expression as well as the development of combined/integrated biomarkers are in great demand.
2016Besusparis J, Plancoulaine B, Rasmusson A, Augulis R, Green AR, Ellis IO, Laurinaviciene A, Herlin P, Laurinavicius A: Impact of tissue sampling on accuracy of Ki67 immunohistochemistry evaluation in breast cancer. Diagnostic Pathology 2016.↗ full text
2015Plancoulaine B, Laurinaviciene A, Herlin P, Besusparis J, Meskauskas R, Baltrusaityte I, Iqbal Y, Laurinavicius A: A methodology for comprehensive breast cancer Ki67 labeling index with intra-tumor heterogeneity appraisal based on hexagonal tiling of digital image analysis data. Virchows Archiv 2015. pp. 711-22.↗ full text
2014Plancoulaine B, Laurinaviciene A, Meskauskas R, Baltrusaityte I, Besusparis J, Herlin P, Laurinavicius A: Digital immunohistochemistry wizard: image analysis-assisted stereology tool to produce reference data set for calibration and quality control. Diagn Pathol 2014. p. S8.↗ full textⓘMain messageDigital image analysis (DIA) enables better reproducibility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. Digital IHC wizard enabled DIA-assisted stereology to produce reference data in a consistent and efficient way. It can provide quality control measure for appraising accuracy of the DIA steps.
2014Laurinavicius A, Plancoulaine B, Laurinaviciene A, Herlin P, Meskauskas R, Baltrusaityte I, Besusparis J, Dasevicius D, Elie N, Iqbal Y, Bor C, Ellis IO: A methodology to ensure and improve accuracy of Ki67 labelling index estimation by automated digital image analysis in breast cancer tissue. Breast Cancer Research 2014.↗ full text
2014Laurinaviciene A, Plancoulaine B, Baltrusaityte I, Meskauskas R, Besusparis J, Lesciute-Krilaviciene D, Raudeliunas D, Iqbal Y, Herlin P, Laurinavicius A: Digital immunohistochemistry platform for the staining variation monitoring based on integration of image and statistical analyses with laboratory information system. Diagn Pathol 2014. p. S10.↗ full textⓘMain messageDigital immunohistochemistry (IHC) is one of the most promising applications brought by new generation image analysis (IA). Our solution enabled to monitor staining of IHC multi-tissue controls by the means of IA, followed by automated statistical analysis, integrated into the laboratory workflow. We found that, even in consecutive serial tissue sections, tissue-related factors affected the IHC IA results; meanwhile, less intense blue counterstain was associated with less amount of tissue, detected by the IA tools.
2013Laurinavicius A, Laurinaviciene A, Meskauskas R, Baltrusaityte I, Besusparis J, Herlin P, Plancolaine B, Elie N, Belhomme P, Bor-Angelier C: Automated image analysis enables accurate enumeration of the Ki-67 labelling index of breast cancer. Virchows Archiv 2013. p. 101.no persistent link
2012Yagi Y, Rojo MG, Kayser K, Kayser G, Laurinavicius A, Della Mea V, Levy B, Klossa J, Tearney G, Szymas J, Tsuchihashi Y, Tetu B: The First Congress of the International Academy of Digital Pathology: Digital pathology comes of age Introduction. Anal Cell Pathol 2012. pp. 1-2.↗ full text
2012Laurinavicius A, Raslavicus P: Consequences of "going digital" for pathology professionals - entering the cloud. Studies in health technology and informatics 2012. pp. 62-7.↗ full textⓘMain messageNew opportunities and the adoption of digital technologies will transform the way pathology professionals and services work. Pathology is an image-based discipline, therefore, arrival of digital imaging into this domain promises major shift in our work and required mentality. Recognizing the physical and digital duality of the pathology workflow, we can prepare for the imminent increase of the digital component, synergize and enjoy its benefits.
2012Laurinavicius A, Laurinaviciene A, Ostapenko V, Dasevicius D, Jarmalaite S, Lazutka J: Immunohistochemistry profiles of breast ductal carcinoma: factor analysis of digital image analysis data. Diagnostic Pathology 2012.↗ full text
2012Laurinavicius A, Laurinaviciene A, Dasevicius D, Elie N, Plancoulaine B, Bor C, Herlin P: Digital image analysis in pathology: Benefits and obligation. Anal Cell Pathol 2012. pp. 75-8.↗ full text
2012Garcia-Rojo M, Daniel C, Laurinavicius A: SNOMED CT in pathology. Studies in health technology and informatics 2012. pp. 123-40.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe Spanish Society of Pathology has defined a subset for specimens and procedures in Pathology. Regarding diagnosis coding, the morphological abnormality sub-hierarchy of SNOMED CT need to be significantly extended and improved to become useful for pathologists. A consensus is needed to encode pathology reports with the adequate hierarchies and concepts.
2012Daniel C, Booker D, Beckwith B, Della Mea V, Garcia-Rojo M, Havener L, Kennedy M, Klossa J, Laurinavicius A, Macary F, Punys V, Scharber W, Schrader T: Standards and specifications in pathology: image management, report management and terminology. Studies in health technology and informatics 2012. pp. 105-22.↗ full textⓘMain messageFor making medical decisions, healthcare professionals require that all necessary information is both correct and easily available. DICOM supplements 122 and 145 provide flexible object information definitions dedicated respectively to specimen description and WSI acquisition, storage and display. The profiles "Anatomic Pathology Reporting for Public Health" (ARPH) and "Anatomic Pathology Structured Report" (APSR) provide standard templates and transactions for sharing or exchanging structured reports in which textual observations - encoded using PathLex, an international controlled vocabulary currently being mapped to SNOMED CT concepts - may be bound to digital images or regions of interest in images.
2011Laurinaviciene A, Dasevicius D, Ostapenko V, Jarmalaite S, Lazutka J, Laurinavicius A: Membrane connectivity estimated by digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry is concordant with visual scoring and fluorescence in situ hybridization results: algorithm evaluation on breast cancer tissue microarrays. Diagnostic Pathology 2011.↗ full text
2011Hufnagel P, Schrader T, Rojo G, Laurinavicius A, Kayser G: Demands on scanner developments based on technical and human tests. Virchows Archiv 2011. pp. S314-S5.no persistent link
2011Garcia Rojo M, Laurinavicius A, Punys V, Gehring S: Encoding pathology diagnosis with SNOMED CT: feasibility of migration from SNOMED II to SNOMED CT. Virchows Archiv 2011. p. S309.no persistent link
2011Daniel C, Macary F, Garcia Rojo M, Klossa J, Laurinavicius A, Beckwith BA, Della Mea V: Recent advances in standards for collaborative Digital Anatomic Pathology. Diagnostic Pathology 2011.↗ full text
2011Brazdziute E, Laurinavicius A: Digital pathology evaluation of complement C4d component deposition in the kidney allograft biopsies is a useful tool to improve reproducibility of the scoring. Diagnostic Pathology 2011.↗ full text
2009Punys V, Laurinavicius A, Puniene J, Adlassnig K, Blobel B, Mantas J, Masic I: A Data Model for Handling Whole Slide Microscopy Images in Picture Archiving and Communications Systems. Medical Informatics in a United and Healthy Europe 2009. pp. 856-60.↗ full text
6. Nephropathology and renal disease
Diagnostic and increasingly computational nephropathology: glomerular disease, transplant pathology, Alport syndrome, and national biopsy studies.
2025Cerkauskaite-Kerpauskiene A, Navickaite M, Savige J, Mazur G, Brazdziunaite D, Azukaitis K, Slazaite G, Laurinavicius A, Miglinas M, Vainutiene V, Strupaite-Sileikiene R, Misevice A, Mickeviciene V, Cerkauskiene R: Lithuanian Study on COL4A3 and COL4A4 Genetic Variants in Alport Syndrome: Clinical Characterization of 52 Individuals from 38 Families. Int J Mol Sci 2025.↗ full textⓘMain messageVariants in COL4A3 and COL4A4 cause autosomal dominant and recessive Alport syndrome, yet data on their distribution and clinical expression in different populations remain limited. Most individuals with autosomal dominant Alport syndrome had normal kidney function (eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), while those with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome had more severe disease. Kidney failure occurred in 2/4 (50%) autosomal recessive Alport syndrome and 2/48 (4%) autosomal dominant Alport syndrome cases.
2024Augulis R, Rasmusson A, Laurinaviciene A, Jen KY, Laurinavicius A: Computational pathology model to assess acute and chronic transformations of the tubulointerstitial compartment in renal allograft biopsies. Sci Rep 2024. p. 5345.↗ full textⓘMain messageManaging patients with kidney allografts largely depends on biopsy diagnosis which is based on semiquantitative assessments of rejection features and extent of acute and chronic changes within the renal parenchyma. A principal component analysis revealed two independent factors which can be interpreted as representing chronic and acute tubulointerstitial injury. A K-means clustering classified biopsies according to potential phenotypes of combined acute and chronic transformations of various degrees.
2022Popova A, Racenis K, Kuzema V, Saulite AJ, Saulite M, Broks R, Oleinika K, Slisere B, Petersons A, Laurinavicius A, Cernevskis H, Lejnieks A, Kroica J: Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein as a Potential Marker of Mesangial Cell Proliferation in Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2022. pp. I293-I.no persistent link
2022Cerkauskaite A, Savige J, Janonyte K, Jeremiciute I, Miglinas M, Kazenaite E, Laurinavicius A, Strupaite-Sileikiene R, Vainutiene V, Burnyte B, Jankauskiene A, Rolfs A, Bauer P, Schroeder S, Cerkauskiene R: Identification of 27 Novel Variants in Genes COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 in Lithuanian Families With Alport Syndrome. Front Med-Lausanne 2022 859521.↗ full textⓘMain messageAlport syndrome (AS) is an inherited disorder characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and kidney function impairment, and frequently associated with extrarenal manifestations. The most prevalent alterations in genes COL4A3-5 were missense variants (n = 19), while splice site, frameshift, unknown variant and stop codon changes were detected more in genes COL4A4 and COL4A5 and accounted for 3, 3, 1 and 1 of all novel variants, respectively. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis suggested that some variants demonstrated intra-familial phenotypic variability.
2022Azukaitis K, Besusparis J, Laurinavicius A, Jankauskiene A: Case Report: SARS-CoV-2 Associated Acute Interstitial Nephritis in an Adolescent. Front Pediatr 2022 861539.↗ full textⓘMain messageAcute interstitial nephritis (AIN) has been recently recognized as one of the infrequent kidney involvement phenotypes among adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Epidemiological history, serologic testing, and SARS-CoV-2 detection in biopsy should be considered in the work-up of children with AIN of unknown etiology. Kidney function continued to deteriorate despite several days of supportive therapy only (peak serum creatinine 272 mu mol/L); thus, treatment with methylprednisolone pulse-dose therapy was initiated and was followed by oral prednisolone with gradual tapering.
2019Cerkauskaite A, Cerkauskiene R, Miglinas M, Laurinavicius A, Ding C, Rolfs A, Venceviciene L, Barysiene J, Kazenaite E, Sadauskiene E: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in a New Fabry-Disease-Causing Mutation. Med Lith 2019 122.↗ full textⓘMain messageFabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by -galactosidase A deficiency leading to intracellular glycosphingolipid accumulation. A novel GLA mutation, c.270C>G (p.Cys90Trp), was found in a Lithuanian family with a classical form of Fabry disease in heterozygous women with predominant cardiac involvement. DNA sequencing of the proband, her mother and one of her sons showed a novel GLA gene exon 2 mutation, c.270C>G (p.Cys90Trp).
2017Juozapaite S, Cerkauskiene R, Laurinavicius A, Jankauskiene A: The impact of IgM deposits on the outcome of Nephrotic syndrome in children. BMC nephrology 2017.↗ full text
2016Riispere Z, Laurinavicius A, Kuudeberg A, Seppet E, Sepp K, Ilmoja M, Luman M, Kolvald K, Auerbach A, Ots-Rosenberg M: IgA nephropathy clinicopathologic study following the Oxford classification: Progression peculiarities and gender-related differences. Medicina (Kaunas) 2016. pp. 340-8.↗ full textⓘMain messageAccording to the correlation analysis of the main prognostic risk factors, affecting the progression of IgAN, we can conclude that IgA nephropathy in males progresses more rapidly compared to females. The mean age of the patients was 33.7 years (range, 16-76). Follow-up data were available for 64 patients with the mean follow-up of 4.1 years.
2015Ziedina I, Laurinavicius A, Jushinskis J, Suhorukov V, Malcevs A, Rozentals R: EFFICACY OF RITUXIMAB IN TREATMENT OF TRANSPLANT GLOMERULOPATHY. Transplant International 2015. p. 503.no persistent link
2015Kantauskaite M, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Miglinas M, Laurinavicius A: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION FOR THE PREDICTION OF RENAL OUTCOME IN CRESCENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2015.no persistent link
2015Brazdziute E, Miglinas M, Gruodyte E, Priluckiene J, Tamosaitis A, Bumblyte IA, Kuzminskis V, Burbaickaja S, Sakalauskiene M, Jankauskiene A, Cerkauskiene R, Pundziene B, Laurinavicius A: Nationwide renal biopsy data in Lithuania 1994-2012. International urology and nephrology 2015. pp. 655-62.↗ full text
2007Maslauskiene R, Bumblyte IA, Sileikiene E, Grazulis S, Laurinavicius A, Pleckaitis M, Alekniene D, Dobrovolskiene R, Vainauskas V, Juodeikiene L, Steckis R, Sakalauskiene M, Macius K, Urbanaviciene J, Labutiene V, Gaupsiene E, Ziaukiene G, Burbaickaja S, Gailiunas J: [The prevalence of Fabry's disease among male patients on hemodialysis in Lithuania (a screening study)]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2007. pp. 77-80.↗ full textⓘMain messageFabry's disease is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A. No patient with suspicion of Fabry's disease was found by this screening method. The prevalence of this disease among males on chronic hemodialysis is different in various countries.
2007Beitnaraite S, Kovaliunas E, Laurinavicius A: [Primary glomerulopathies in Lithuania: a retrospective analysis of renal biopsy cases (2000-2006)]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2007. pp. 6-10.↗ full textⓘMain messageA retrospective study of 1363 native kidney biopsies, performed at Lithuanian nephrology units and investigated at the National Center of Pathology during the period of 2000-2006, was carried out. Extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis and diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis accounted for 9.1% and 4.4%, respectively. Noninflammatory glomerulopathies were relatively rare: focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis made up 14.8%; minimal change disease, 9.7%; membranous nephropathy, 7.4%.
2006Razukeviciene L, Bumblyte I, Kuzminskis V, Laurinavicius A: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is still the most frequent glomerulonephritis in Lithuania. Clinical Nephrology 2006. pp. 87-90.no persistent link
2004Kaltenis P, Schumacher V, Jankauskiene A, Laurinavicius A, Royer-Pokora B: Slow progressive FSGS associated with an F392L WT1 mutation. Pediatric Nephrology 2004. pp. 353-6.↗ full text
2003Razukeviciene L, Kuzminskis V, Bumblyte IA, Laurinavicius A: [The indications of renal biopsies and spectrum of renal diseases in five nephrological centers of Lithuania (a five-year study)]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2003. pp. 1-8.↗ full textⓘMain messageA retrospective study of 316 patients, who underwent renal biopsy, during the period of 1995-1999 in five nephrological centers of Lithuania. The main indications for renal biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (29.1%), hematuria and nonnephrotic proteinuria (27.8%). The leading type of kidney damage was primary glomerulonephritis--194 (69.3%), which was 2.4 times more frequent in males than in females.
2003Razukeviciene L, Kuzminskis V, Bumblyte IA, Laurinavicius A: [Prognosis of chronic renal failure in patients with membranous nephropathy]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2003. pp. 9-15.↗ full textⓘMain messageTwo hundred eighty patients underwent renal biopsy during the period of 1995-1999 in five nephrological centers of Lithuania. Of analysis showed multiple risk factors for renal failure progression: initial renal failure (p=0.000), systolic and diastolic hypertension (p=0.009 and p=0.009), proteinuria (=1 g/l, =3 g/l) (p=0.026). Membranous nephropathy was found to have a relatively good long-term prognosis - the renal survival rate in 5 years was 84.2%.
2003Rainiene T, Papinigiene L, Laurinavicius A: [Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A after kidney transplantation]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2003. pp. 161-5.↗ full textⓘMain messageOf this study was to ascertain the frequency of CsA nephrotoxicity incidence according to the changes in graft biopsy material and its association with whole blood CsA levels. Comparison of CsA blood levels (>200 ng/ml) between Gr1 and Gr2 revealed statistically significant differences (70.6% vs 15.4%, p<0.05), correspondingly. The mean CsA blood level was higher in Gr1 (328.7+/-153.8 ng/ml vs 202.4+/-145.6 ng/ml, p<0.03).
2003Laurinavicius A, Gruodyte E, Priluckiene J, Razukeviciene L, Supranaviciene L, Salkus G: [Potential causes of antigenemia in the patients with an immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Lithuania]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2003. pp. 28-32.↗ full textⓘMain messageOf our study was to evaluate potential causes of persistent antigenemia in the patients with IMPGN. A great majority (20; 44%) of the patients were found to have persistent bacterial infections of various localization. Four patients (9%) were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV).
2003Furness P, Taub N, Assmann K, Banfi G, Cosyns J, Dorman A, Hill C, Kapper S, Waldherr R, Laurinavicius A, Marcussen N, Martins A, Nogueira M, Regele H, Seron D, Carrera M, Sund S, Taskinen E, Paavonen T, Tihomirova T, Rosenthal R: International variation in histologic grading is large, and persistent feedback does not improve reproducibility. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2003. pp. 805-10.↗ full text
2002Laurinavicius A, Rennke HG: Collapsing glomerulopathy - A new pattern of renal injury. Seminars in diagnostic pathology 2002. pp. 106-15.↗ full textⓘMain messageCollapsing glomerulopathy is a pattern of renal injury that has emerged along with the epidemic of HIV infection. These differences, however, are not sufficient to predict the patient's HIV status from the biopsy findings alone. Collapsing glomerulopathy can also develop in association with lymphoproliferative disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus-like and other autoimmune diseases, other immune deficiency syndromes and viral infections, and in the context of immunosuppressive therapy.
2001Jankauskiene A, Druskis V, Laurinavicius A: Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: associated allograft dysfunction at low trough concentration. Clinical Nephrology 2001. pp. S27-S9.no persistent link
1999Laurinavicius A, Hurwitz S, Rennke H: Collapsing glomerulopathy in HIV and non-HIV patients: A clinicopathological and follow-up study. Kidney International 1999. pp. 2203-13.↗ full text
7. Molecular and genetic biomarkers
Epigenetic and molecular biomarkers, concentrated in prostate cancer and chemoresistance.
2019Gasiule S, Dreize N, Kaupinis A, Razanskas R, Ciupas L, Stankevicius V, Kapustina Z, Laurinavicius A, Valius M, Vilkaitis G: Molecular Insights into miRNA-Driven Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy: miR-23b Modulates the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2019 2115.↗ full textⓘMain messageAlthough treatment of colorectal cancer with 5-florouracil and oxaliplatin is widely used, it is frequently followed by a relapse. The knockout of miR-23b led to the partial restoration of oxaliplatin susceptibility, showing the essential role of miR-23b in the development of drug resistance by this cluster. Proteomic analysis identified target genes of miR-23b and showed that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was implicated in oxaliplatin insensibility.
2018Kukcinaviciute E, Jonusiene V, Sasnauskiene A, Dabkeviciene D, Eidenaite E, Laurinavicius A: Significance of Notch and Wnt signaling for chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells HCT116. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2018. pp. 5913-20.↗ full text
2017Demidenko R, Daniunaite K, Bakavicius A, Sabaliauskaite R, Skeberdyte A, Petroska D, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaite S: Decreased expression of MT1E is a potential biomarker of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017. pp. 61709-18.↗ full text
2015Serenaite I, Daniunaite K, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A, Petroska D, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaite S: Heterogeneity of DNA methylation in multifocal prostate cancer. Virchows Archiv 2015. pp. 53-9.↗ full text
2015Demidenko R, Daniunaite K, Laurinavicius A, Lazutka JR, Jankevicius F, Jarmalaite S: Gene expression profile of recurrent prostate cancer. BJU international 2015. pp. 6-7.no persistent link
2014Demidenko R, Daniunaite K, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Jarmalaite S, Lazutka JR: Investigation of potential biomarkers of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Febs Journal 2014. p. 481.no persistent link
2014Daniunaite K, Stuopelyte K, Stankevicius V, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Jarmalaite S: Analysis of miRNA expression in prostate tumors and urine samples. Febs Journal 2014. pp. 262-3.no persistent link
2014Daniunaite K, Jarmalaite S, Kalinauskaite N, Petroska D, Laurinavicius A, Lazutka JR, Jankevicius F: Prognostic Value of RASSF1 Promoter Methylation in Prostate Cancer. Journal of Urology 2014. pp. 1849-55.↗ full text
2012Sabaliauskaite R, Jarmalaite S, Petroska D, Dasevicius D, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Lazutka JR: Combined analysis of TMPRSS2-ERG and TERT for improved prognosis of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes & Cancer 2012. pp. 781-91.↗ full text
2012Cortese R, Kwan A, Lalonde E, Bryzgunova O, Bondar A, Wu Y, Gordevicius J, Park M, Oh G, Kaminsky Z, Tverkuviene J, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Sendorek DHS, Haider S, Wang S-C, Jarmalaite S, Laktionov P, Boutros PC, Petronis A: Epigenetic markers of prostate cancer in plasma circulating DNA. Human Molecular Genetics 2012. pp. 3619-31.↗ full text
2011Daniunaite K, Berezniakovas A, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaite S: Frequent Methylation of RASSF1 and RARB in Urine Sediments From Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer. Med Lith 2011. pp. 147-53.no persistent link
2009Jankevicius F, Jarmalaite S, Sabaliauskaite R, Kalinauskaite N, Dasevicius D, Laurinavicius A, Lazutka J: TMPRSS2: ERG gene fusion and epigenetic changes in tumour suppressor genes are associated with clinical markers of poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. European Urology Supplements 2009. p. 573.↗ full text
1999Popendikyte V, Laurinavicius A, Paterson A, Macciardi F, Kennedy J, Petronis A: DNA methylation at the putative promoter region of the human dopamine D2 receptor gene. Neuroreport 1999. pp. 1249-55.↗ full text
1999Petronis A, Popendikyte V, Kennedy J, Laurinavicius A: DNA methylation analysis of the putative promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor gene in postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients and controls. Schizophrenia Research 1999. pp. 100-1.no persistent link
8. Regenerative medicine and preclinical models
Preclinical stem-cell and biomaterial studies, largely in kidney injury.
2024Gryguc A, Maciulaitis J, Mickevicius L, Laurinavicius A, Sutkeviciene N, Grigaleviciute R, Zigmantaite V, Maciulaitis R, Bumblyte IA: Prevention of Transition from Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Using Clinical-Grade Perinatal Stem Cells in Non-Clinical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024.↗ full textⓘMain messageAcute kidney injury (AKI) is widely recognized as a precursor to the onset or rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indicated that hpMSCs increased rat survival rates and improved kidney function by decreasing serum creatinine, urea, potassium, and fractionated potassium levels. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that hpMSCs can prevent the initial stages of kidney structural fibrosis and improve kidney function in the early stages by mitigating late interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.
2020Gryguc A, Maciulaitis J, Mickevicius L, Laurinavicius A, Sutkeviciene N, Bumblyte IA, Maciulaitis R: Placenta derived stem cells for acute kidney injury treatment in a xenogeneic preclinical model. Cytotherapy 2020. pp. S203-S.no persistent link
2016Pavyde E, Maciulaitis R, Mauricas M, Sudzius G, Didziokiene EI, Laurinavicius A, Sutkeviciene N, Stankevicius E, Maciulaitis J, Usas A: Skeletal Muscle-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury. Stem Cells Int 2016 Artn 9618480.↗ full textⓘMain messageSkeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) have been thoroughly investigated and already used in preclinical studies. MDSPCs are capable of mediating functional and histological kidney recovery and can be considered as potential strategy for AKI treatment. MDSPCs exhibited similar immunophenotype, stem cell gene expression, and multilineage differentiation capacities as BM-MSCs, but they demonstrated higher proliferation rate.
2015Pavyde E, Maciulaitis R, Mauricas M, Sudzius G, Didziokiene EI, Laurinavicius A, Sutkeviciene N, Stankevicius E, Maciulaitis J, Usas A: Skeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells: a potential strategy for the treatment of acute kidney injury. Acta Physiologica 2015. pp. 8-9.no persistent link
2015Maciulaitis J, Deveikyte M, Rekstyte S, Bratchikov M, Darinskas A, Simbelyte A, Daunoras G, Laurinaviciene A, Laurinavicius A, Gudas R, Malinauskas M, Maciulaitis R: Preclinical study of SZ2080 material 3D microstructured scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering made by femtosecond direct laser writing lithography. Biofabrication 2015.↗ full text
9. Biophotonics and spectroscopic tissue imaging
Label-free and advanced optical tissue imaging: infrared, non-linear optical, and polarization microscopy.
2022Plancoulaine B, Rasmusson A, Labbe C, Levenson R, Laurinavicius A: A new approach for microstructure imaging. Sci Rep 2022. p. 19565.↗ full textⓘMain messageA recurring issue with microstructure studies is specimen lighting. We describe here a high frequency technique due to address this lighting issue. First, an extensive study is undertaken concerning asymptotic equations in order to identify the most promising algorithm for 3D microstructure analysis.
2021Vitkunaite A, Laurinaviciene A, Plancoulaine B, Rasmusson A, Levenson R, Shribak M, Laurinavicius A: Intranuclear birefringent inclusions in paraffin sections by polychromatic polarization microscopy. Sci Rep 2021. p. 6275.↗ full textⓘMain messageIntranuclear birefringent inclusions (IBI) found in various cell types in paraffin-embedded tissue sections have long been considered to be a tissue processing artifact, although an association with biological processes has been suggested. We applied polychromatic polarization microscopy to image their spatial organization. Our study provides evidence that IBI are caused by liquid paraffin-macromolecular crystals formed during paraffin-embedding procedures within cells and potentially reflect an active transcriptional status.
2020Sablinskas V, Bandzeviciute R, Velicka M, Ceponkus J, Urboniene V, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A, Dasevicius D, Steiner G: Fiber ATR infrared spectroscopy of kidney tissue during live surgery. J Biophotonics 2020.↗ full textⓘMain messageMore than 90% of solid kidney tumors are cancerous and have to be treated by surgical resection where surgical outcomes and patient prognosis are dependent on the tumor discrimination. Absorbance threshold values for tumor and normal tissue are determined by discriminant analysis. This new approach allows the surgeon to make a clinical diagnosis.
2014Galli R, Sablinskas V, Dasevicius D, Laurinavicius A, Jankevicius F, Koch E, Steiner G: Non-linear optical microscopy of kidney tumours. Journal of Biophotonics 2014. pp. 23-7.↗ full text
2011Sablinskas V, Urboniene V, Ceponkus J, Laurinavicius A, Dasevicius D, Jankevicius F, Hendrixson V, Koch E, Steiner G: Infrared spectroscopic imaging of renal tumor tissue. Journal of Biomedical Optics 2011.↗ full text
10. Other clinical and translational collaborations
Collaborative clinical studies across cardiology, stroke, surgery, and other fields.
2024Lengvenis G, Drachneris J, Zurauskas E, Ekkert A, Berukstis A, Kurminas M, Gircius R, Mikelis K, Afanasjev A, Ryliskiene K, Laurinavicius A, Tamosiunas AE: Association between Left Atrial Appendage Morphology and Clot Histology in Patients with Embolic Ischemic Stroke: An Exploratory Study. J Clin Med 2024.↗ full textⓘMain messageAcute embolic ischemic stroke poses a significant healthcare challenge. The chicken-wing LAA morphological type is associated with lower clot fibrin contents, suggesting potentially different embolism mechanisms or diverse embolic sources, compared with the non-chicken-wing LAA types. Further studies are required to investigate this association.
2023Hashimoto D, Gulla A, Satoi S, Yamamoto T, Yamaki S, Matsui Y, Ohe C, Yamasaki M, Hamada M, Ikeura T, Shimatani M, Breugelmans R, Utkus A, Poskus T, Samuilis A, Miglinas M, Laurinavicius A, Tomoda K, Hendrixson V, Sekimoto M, Strupas K: The academic impact and value of an international online surgery lecture series. Surg Today 2023.↗ full textⓘMain messageDue to the worldwide travel restrictions caused by the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, many universities and students lost opportunities to engage in international exchange over the past 2 years. Fifteen lectures were given from October 2021 to May 2022. The lectures focused on gastrointestinal surgery, gastroenterology, radiology, pathology, genetics, laboratory medicine, and organ transplantation.
2021Mastaviciute A, Kilaite J, Petroska D, Laurinavicius A, Tamulaitiene M, Alekna V: Associations between Physical Function, Bone Density, Muscle Mass and Muscle Morphology in Older Men with Sarcopenia: A Pilot Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021.↗ full textⓘMain messageIn men with sarcopenia, low lean muscle mass was associated with low femoral neck BMD and low muscle strength. In sarcopenic men with osteoporosis, low muscle fiber area was associated with low scores in a balance test. A total of 151 men, 60 years or older were included in this study.
2021Dulskas A, Poskus T, Kildusiene I, Patasius A, Stulpinas R, Laurinavicius A, Masalaite L, Milaknyte G, Stundiene I, Venceviciene L, Strupas K, Samalavicius NE, Smailyte G: National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Lithuania: Description of the 5-Year Performance on Population Level. Cancers (Basel) 2021.↗ full textⓘMain messageWe aimed to report the results of the implementation of the National Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Program covering all the country. Of the implementation of the National Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Program covering all the country. The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) reimburses the institutions for performing each service; each procedure within the program has its own administrative code.
2021Bausys A, Senina V, Luksta M, Anglickiene G, Molnikaite G, Bausys B, Rybakovas A, Baltruskeviciene E, Laurinavicius A, Poskus T, Bausys R, Seinin D, Strupas K: Histologic Lymph Nodes Regression after Preoperative Chemotherapy as Prognostic Factor in Non-metastatic Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2021. pp. 1669-77.↗ full textⓘMain messageThe study aims to evaluate the lymph node (LN) response to preoperative chemotherapy and its impact on long-term outcomes in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Histologic regression of LN metastasis after preoperative chemotherapy predicts the increased survival of patients with non-metastatic resectable AGC. Among 87 patients included in the final analysis 29.9 % were lnNEG, 21.8 % were lnR and 48.3 % were lnNR.
2019Sileikiene V, Laurinaviciene A, Lesciute-Krilaviciene D, Jurgauskiene L, Malickaite R, Laurinavicius A: Levels of CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells in bronchial mucosa and peripheral blood of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease indicate involvement of autoimmunity mechanisms. Adv Respir Med 2019. pp. 159-66.↗ full textⓘMain messageMaterial and methods: Bronchial tissue biopsy samples were prospectively collected from 64 patients (39 COPD and 25 controls -15 smokers and 10 non-smokers). The patients with COPD were subdivided into mild/moderate (GOLD stage 1-11) and severe/very severe (GOLD stage III-IV) groups. Digital image analysis was performed to estimate densities of CD4+ CD25+ cell infiltrates in double immunohistochemistry slides of the biopsy samples.
2014Mastaviciute A, Alekna V, Tamulaitiene M, Laurinavicius A, Petroska D, Strazdiene V: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SKELETAL MUSCLE MORPHOMETRIC INDICES AND BODY COMPOSITION IN MEN WITH SARCOPENIA. Osteoporosis International 2014. p. S393.no persistent link
2013Mastaviciute A, Alekna V, Laurinavicius A, Tamulaitiene M, Petroska D, Strazdiene V: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS, STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN ELDERLY MEN WITH SARCOPENIA. Osteoporosis International 2013. p. S242.no persistent link
2012Simanauskiene E, Daugelaviciene V, Laurinavicius A, Mickys U, Simonyte V, Vaitkeviciene G, Verkauskas G: Unilateral hydronephrosis and renal damage after acute leukemia. Case Rep Med 2012. p. 968491.↗ full textⓘMain messageA 14-year-old boy presented with asymptomatic right hydronephrosis detected on routine yearly ultrasound examination. A function of the right kidney and no damage on the left was confirmed by a DMSA scan. Right retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy revealed 3 renal arteries with the lower pole artery lying on the pelviureteric junction.
2010Rimiene J, Petronyte J, Gudleviciene Z, Smailyte G, Krasauskaite I, Laurinavicius A: A Shandon PapSpin liquid-based gynecological test: A split-sample and direct-to-vial test with histology follow-up study. CytoJournal 2010.↗ full text
2007Zurauskas E, Usinskiene J, Gaigalaite V, Blanc R, Usinskas A, Laurinavicius A: [Models of intracranial aneurysms for angiographic imaging modalities. A technical note]. Medicina (Kaunas) 2007. pp. 562-7.↗ full textⓘMain messageTo delineate technical aspects of vascular models with intracranial aneurysm in vitro production, suitable for angiographic imaging. Silicone of two components is practical for casts of cerebral arteries in human specimen production. Gelatinous solution 50 degrees C diluted 1:1 with water can be used for copies of arterial casts production. Wax materials are unsuitable for making casts in a human specimen.
2004Jankauskiene S, Zurauskas E, Laurinaviciene A, Vaisnyte B, Barkauskas E, Kucinskiene Z, Laurinavicius A, Triponis V: Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus in atherosclerotic tissue and investigation of serological status of patients with chronic atherosclerosis in Lithuanian population. Atherosclerosis Supplements 2004. pp. 14-5.no persistent link
2004Jankauskiene S, Zurauskas E, Laurinaviciene A, Vaisnyte B, Barkauskas E, Kucinskiene Z, Laurinavicius A: Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerothic tissue and investigation of serological status in patients with chronic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis Supplements 2004. p. 125.no persistent link
11. Protected intellectual property
Both patents cover the same invention, automated tumour–stroma interface zone detection and Immunogradient indicators for anti-tumour response assessment. Both are assigned to Vilnius University; inventors: A. Laurinavicius, A. Rasmusson, A. Nestarenkaite, D. Zilenaite, R. Augulis.
US Patent 12,131,481 B2
United States · granted 29 Oct 2024 Priority 9 Apr 2019 · filed 9 Apr 2020 Expiration ~20 Apr 2041